Capitol Hill Quackery Congress Attacks Poultry Farmers

We have all wondered where, and how the poultry that is in our grocery stores had gotten there at some point in time, whether if we eat meat or not. When we find out, we are not too ecstatic with the results. It is unbelievable what they do just in order to get profit from the many variations of chicken the companies produce. They treat the birds as if they are not a living, breathing animal sitting right in front of them. They have no sympathy, for this wonderful creation, and all that it has to offer us. The companies only care about the money, and will do anything to get it. Big chicken industries such as Tyson and Perdue, force farmers to raise their chickens in certain ways, and by doing this, the chickens are raised in unhealthy conditions, which puts consumers’ health at risk. Capitol Hill Quackery: Congress Attacks Poultry Growers (again), the House of Appropriations Committee, which is tasked with authorizing the budget for our federal government, decided to push a sn eaky â€Å"rider† into the budget process that would block the USDA from issuing protections for poultry growers under contract with large companies like Tyson, Perdue and Pilgrim’s Pride (Harive). Most poultry growers are forced to take on massive amounts of debt to secure their contracts with these companies (Harvie). Contract Poultry Farmers Speak Out, Get Heard, the companies lie to the farmers to get them to work for their businesses, even if the farmers know that the business is not a good one. The

David Fletcher Case Study Essay - 1603 Words

Why did Fletcher’s first attempt to build a team fail? When the environment for portfolio management changed and as Fletcher began being overwhelmed with research, he sought to create a team of analysts that could assist him with his work. Fletcher failed to build this team on his first attempt as a result of several causes. There were multiple mistakes that Fletcher made that can be seen in his interactions with people. The first was his assistant Whitley which he had a close relationship with. Before Fletcher hired Doyle, he did it hastily without consulting Whitley. The lack of consent and thought for how he would fit into the company’s culture showed when tension grew between Doyle and Whitley. This led to unproductive work as†¦show more content†¦Even though this might have taken Fletcher more time to build his team, it could have been more effective in the long run if he hired analysts with less experience but more open thinking. An example of how this worked was with Whitley, who Fletcher molded into a portfolio ma nager. From a broader approach, issues can be seen in Fletcher’s management style. Not only was it disorganized, but he spent most of his time focusing on his work, not his team. This however was of course his nature. From The Five Minds of a Manager Fletcher did not display all of the managerial mindsets required to be successful. The most important was that he lacked the collaborative mindset. Fletcher not only lacked an engaging personality towards his team’s problems, but he didn’t consider the relationships among people. He thought that as long as a person could perform their job, then that was all that mattered. Getting along to him was not crucial. Of course, this is the exact opposite thinking of the collaborative mindset which fosters teamwork and strong relationships. There were some things that Fletcher did do well. For one, he began to have the reflective mindset at the end by pondering as to how to create an effective team. This shows that not only is he thinking about what has happened, but he may be starting to stepShow MoreRelatedDavid Fletcher Case Study711 Words   |  3 PagesCase Study: David Fletcher 1. What are David’s greatest strengths as a team leader? Greatest developmental needs? How did these strengths and weaknesses affect David’s ability to build a successful team the first time around? 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David Fletcher is a portfolio manager with many years of experience and success under his belt. He currently is a limited partner managing an Emerging Growth Fund for Jenkins Fletcher Partnership or JFP. The company was small when David started and consisted of a CEO, Paul Jenkins, CFO, 2 financial assistance, 4 research analyses, 1 research assistant and a receptionist. David first started withRead MoreFletcher Case Study Essay1288 Words   |  6 Pages653: Fletcher Case Study This study analyzes and discusses three shortcomings that prevented investment portfolio manager David Fletcher of Jenkins, Fletcher Partners (JFP) from realizing his team oriented operational expectations. His failures were attributed to poor personnel management, the inability to effectively select or establish team structure, and the failure to devise the appropriate incentives to motivate and reward employees. After careful review it is recommended that Fletcher mustRead MoreEthics Is A System Of Moral Principles And It Affects How People Make Decisions And Lead Their Life1852 Words   |  8 PagesEthics is a system of moral principles and it affects how people make decisions and lead their life (bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/intro_1.shtml) and there are different branches of ethics which are Meta-ethics the study of language; Normative ethics is the study of moral standard that we live our lives by and; Applied ethics is the application of ethical theories to access whether something is ethical. Restraint is a measure of protecting someone or something out of danger (oxforddictionaries.com/definition/English/restraint)Read MoreDavid Fletcher Case Essay example2226 Words   |  9 Pages Jenkins, Fletcher Partners (JFP) has the potential to thrive and succeed in the financial service industry with stimulated, productive, and satisfied employees. However, there are small and large issues to be addressed in order to carry that in action. In this specific case analysis, we analyze the issues hindering JFP from further development, and suggest respective and appropriate suggestions to resolve those problems. First, a thorough evaluation of JFP shed light on a number of issues: TheRead MoreEthical Nursing1709 Words   |  7 Pagesinformed consent papers before theatre, Carol made an explicit request that she should not be transfused with blood or blood products even in the case of extensive blood loss following surgery. Her reasons for this were that she belonged to a group of Jehovah’s witnesses, and it was simply against her beliefs. Ethics can be defined as the philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct and of the rules and principles that should govern it. 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Everything, since there have been some recent financial accounting scandals; a few examples being Xerox, WorldCom, Enron, which have generated much unwanted and unfavorable publicity for CPAs, including those working as controllers or chief financial officers for organizations. When you hear theRead MoreThe Goldsmith Maid Driven By Budd Doble1616 Words   |  7 Pagesthe land. He was destined to Greek migrant guardians in Lynn, Massachusetts, and moved with his family to Sacramento, California in 1927. His folks supported his initial workmanship ability, and by 1941, he was going to Sacramento Junior College to study craftsmanship, however was hindered by three years on a plane carrying warship in the Pacific Ocean amid World War II. 5. Bridal Veil Falls, Yosemite Valley (Thomas Hill) Moving from England in 1844, Thomas Hill came to America with his family as a

Cost Management Planning-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Evaluate and apply a range of project scope, cost and time Management Planning techniques and Practices to address the needs of complex project briefs, including global, paying particular attention to issues Impacting Project outcomes. Answer: Cost Management Planning Throughout the project life cycle, the cost can be incurred that was not initially considered as part of direct work activity cost by the project's manager, but that has an impact on project budget (Wilson, 2017).In most scenarios, the cost associated with directly with work events are portion of the estimates of the budget baseline. Nevertheless supplementary cost do arise from time to time in project life cycle, its the project manager responsibility to address this sorts of cost and its effect on time and quality (Wilson, 2017).In developing project plan budget estimation, the manager should not address the direct cost but also the added costs. Knowledge areas. Processes that are major Primary inputs Techniques and tools Primary outputs Cost planning Resources required for work breakdown structure. Cost Appraisal Develop the cost estimation of the resources required for project completion. 1. Organizational progression assets. 2. Environmental factors affecting enterprise. 3. Structure for work breakdown. 4. Management plan for the project. 5. Risk register. 6. Management plan for the schedule. 7. Management plan for staffing. 8. WBS dictionary. 1. Cost rates resource determination. 2. Bottom up estimation. 3. Analogous estimation. 4. Parametric estimation. 5. Project management software. 6. Merchant bid analysis. 7. Quality cost. 1. Cost approximations of the activity. 2. Supporting details on the cost estimation of the activity. 3. Cost on changes requested. 4. Cost management plan updates. Budgeting of the costs. Establish cost baseline through aggregation of the estimated cost of individual activities or packages. 1. Work breakdown structure. 2. WBS dictionary. 3. Statement of project scope. 4. Estimates of cost activity. 5. Supporting details of activity cost estimations. 6. Project schedule. 7. Calendars of resources. 8. Contracts. 9. Management plan cost. 1. Aggregation cost. 2. Analysis of reserves. 3. Estimation of parametric. 4. Reconciliation of funding limits. 1. Requirements for project funding. 2. Management plan cost updates. 3. Price baseline. 4. Requested changes. Cost control Influencing factors that control changes to the budget of the project through creating cost variance. 1. Reports performance. 2. Requirements for project funding. 3. Cost baseline. 4. Information on work performance. 5. Project management plan. 6. Request changes that have been approved. 1. Performance measurement analysis. 2. Forecasting. 3. Variance measurement. 4. Cost change control system. 5. Project management software. 6. Variance dimension. 7. Project performance reviews. 1. Price baseline apprises 2. Estimation on price apprises 3. Performance measurement. 4. Predicted finishing point. 5. Changes bidden. 6. Suggested counteractive actions. 7. Business process possessions update. 8. Project management plan updates. Processes Resource planning Reserve forecasting, in the preliminary stage of a project, the obligatory assets to finish project undertakings needs to be demarcated.to define which resources are required, work break down and chronological data of previous similar projects can be used. Once the resources required are known, it becomes easier to estimate the cost. Cost estimating. Various price estimation approaches are used to estimate how much it will cost for project activities to be performed. Depending on the information available, the choice of estimation is made possible. Estimates can be polished when more data are present during the project life cycle. Uncertainties that have not been estimated will likely cause an additional cost which can be sheltered by setting aside cost using contingencies. Cost budgeting Determination of cost budget is the third process in cost management knowledge area. Upon completing estimation, all costs estimation are put together to determine the cost budget of the project (Bouvrie, 2017). The budget predicts the amount to be used during project life cycle.. Cost baseline is an approved time phase that is used as a starting point to measure actual performance progress ("4 Main Processes of Cost Management - Master of Project Academy Blog", 2017). After completion of activity cost estimates, there is the reserve of contingency on top of the estimates to accommodate any risk that might occur during the project. Cost control Cost control is concerned with measuring variances from the cost baseline and taking effective corrective action achieves minimum costs (Bouvrie, 2017). Processes placed to monitor performance and expenditure alongside the projects progress. Final total cost should be continually forecasted while all changes to the cost baseline are recorded. Techniques Analogous estimation. This technique uses past projects that are similar to current project to estimate the cost and duration (Fremouv, Fremouv Crow, 2017). Its mostly used when there is limited information regarding the current projects, is mostly considered top-down and not accurate as other techniques for estimation. Parametric estimating. This technique uses the correlation between variables to calculate duration and cost. It are considered the most accurate technique for duration and cost estimation. Estimates for parametric are determined through identifying the duration and unit cost and units required for the activity (Fremouv, Fremouv Crow, 2017). Bottom-up. In this technique of estimation, the estimate of the whole component is arrived at through rolling up the cost of individual activities or workloads. Reserve analysis. Reserve analysis is estimated to be used by managers in case of certain events that were anticipated ("Cost Management | PMPNotes.com", 2017). Cost of quality. Organizations cost of quality comprises of cost like training, audits cost, e.t.c Project management software. Softwares used in project management can help in speeding up the calculations required to do cost estimation. These calculations include overhead, indirect, fixed cost for a variety of activities. Determining resources cost rates. Resources can be the vendors, consultants, suppliers, human resources, technicians, e.t.c. The rate involved in the resource cost estimation and project managers do have an idea of it. Performance measurement analysis. Performance measurement techniques are used to analyze the level of performance while making a comparison with the competitors hence planning for future activities. The technique is used in quality control for determination of whether the procedure taken for quality assurance has worked. References Bouvrie, C. (2017). Cost Management explained in 4 steps. Costmanagement.eu. Retrieved 25 November 2017, from https://www.costmanagement.eu/blog-article/198-cost-management-explained-in-4-steps. Cost Management | PMPNotes.com. (2017). Pmpnotes.com. Retrieved 24 November 2017, from https://www.pmpnotes.com/pmp-notes/cost-management/ Fremouv, B., Fremouv, D., Crow, M. (2017). Analogous Estimating vs Parametric Estimating - PMP Exam Concepts. Passionate Project Management. Retrieved 24 November 2017, from https://www.passionatepm.com/blog/analogous-estimating-vs-parametric-estimating-pmp-concept-4 Wilson, R. (2017). Managing Time, Cost, and Quality | Introduction to Mastering Project Time Management, Cost Control, and Quality Management: Proven Methods for Controlling the Three Elements that Define Project Deliverables | InformIT. Informit.com. Retrieved 24 November 2017, from https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2344987seqNum=3 Aaltonen, K., Kujala, J. (2010). A project lifecycle perspective on stakeholder influence strategies in global projects. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 26(4), 381397. Cost Management - IO4PM International Organization for Project Management. (2017). Io4pm.org. Retrieved 24 November 2017, from https://www.io4pm.org/Cost_Management.php Survey Research Center. (2016). Guidelines for Best Practice in Cross-Cultural Surveys. Ann Arbor, MI: Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. Retrieved Month, dd, yyyy, fromhttps://www.ccsg.isr.umich.edu/ . Rodrigues, I., Sbragia, R. (2013). The cultural challenges of managing global project teams: A study of Brazilian multinationals. Journal of Technology Management and Innovation, 8. Retrieved from https://www.jotmi.org/index.php/GT/article/view/1237

Stress free essay sample

To inform my audience about how they can manage their stress. Introduction Attention Material: In less than a week Deanna here had to study for 3 major exams which were scheduled back to back. She had to compose a final paper for this course plus do two physics assignments. This must have been overwhelming for her. Tie to the audience: Weve all had days or weeks when we felt like the whole world was on our shoulders. That week when we had assignments to hand in, essays to write and 2 or 3 tests on the same day. This situation probably had some of us thinking that the lecturers had setup that week for us. There are days when you probably thought when does It end! Credibility material: Im Interested In the topic of stress management because as a college student Im faced with all different kinds of stress. This week being one of those times. We will write a custom essay sample on Stress or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Preview/Theses: Today I will provide you with some important and useful information about student stress. Specifically I will iscuss the causes, effects and means of diminishing the negative impacts of stress. Transition: Let us first define stress. ] l. Definition of stress 1 . According to the oxford English dictionary, stress is a state of mental and emotional strain. [Translator: Now that we have an Idea of what stress Is let us look at some causes. ] II. Three main causes of student stress. A. The amount of schoolwork. B. Pressure to do well. C. Financial difficulties. [Transition: We have now covered the sources of stress, lets continue with the effects. ] Ill. In a lot of cases stress has a huge negative Impact on the students health. A. Stress causes depression and exhaustion B.It can also cause different health problems such as headaches, stomachaches and heart attacks. C. Stress can also lead to weight loss and alimentary disorders. Relievers. ] V. Managing stress: A. Exercise or physical activity. B. Sleep C. Stop smoking and other bad habits D. Relax [Transition to conclusion: We have now covered all the points; let us review what we did today. ] Conclusion Final Review: A. . We discussed main causes of student stress. We discussed some effects of stress. 2. We discussed methods for dealing with student stress. . B.Tie back to the audience: If you have not yet experienced stress, you will eventually. Some of us will move on to university where it will be more difficult. Some of us will seek Jobs and it wont always be easy. Some of us might have kids and you should not let them make you crazy. C. Concluding remarks: I agree that college is a stressful time of life for many of us. But if you take control and work on relieving stress, you can really enjoy student life to the fullest and you wont be nearly as confused and stressed. D. Clincher: Enjoy your school life, fail the stress test.

Free Essays on Causes of gangs in Our Communities

Gangs Gangs are a violent reality that many people have to deal with in today's cities. What has made these groups come about? Why do kids feel that being part of a gang is both an acceptable and prestigious way to live? The long-range answer to these questions can only be speculated upon, but in the short term the answers are much easier to find. On the surface, gangs are a direct result of human beings' personal wants and peer pressure. To determine how to effectively end gang violence we must first find the way that these morals are given to individuals. Unfortunately, these can only be hypothesized. However, by looking at the way humans are influenced in society, I believe there is good evidence to point the blame at several institutions. These include the forces of the media, the government, the theatre, drugs, and our own economic system. On the surface, peer pressure and greed cause gangs. Many teens in gangs will pressure peers into becoming part of a gang by making it all so und glamorous. Money is also a crucial factor. A kid (6 - 10 years of age, who is not already a member) is commonly shown how he/she could make between two hundred to four hundred dollars a month for a small part time gang job. Although, one wouldn't think that factors such as this are strong enough to make kids do things that are strongly against their morals. One of the ways that kids' morals are bent so that gang violence becomes more acceptable is the influence of television and movies. The average child spends more time at a television set than he/she spends all day in a classroom actually learning something productive. Since nobody can completely turn off a child's mind, the youth must be learning something, even if it is morally wrong. Very few hours of television watched by the common child are educational, so other ideas are being constantly absorbed during this period of time. Many shows on television today are extremely violent and are often shown... Free Essays on Causes of gangs in Our Communities Free Essays on Causes of gangs in Our Communities Gangs Gangs are a violent reality that many people have to deal with in today's cities. What has made these groups come about? Why do kids feel that being part of a gang is both an acceptable and prestigious way to live? The long-range answer to these questions can only be speculated upon, but in the short term the answers are much easier to find. On the surface, gangs are a direct result of human beings' personal wants and peer pressure. To determine how to effectively end gang violence we must first find the way that these morals are given to individuals. Unfortunately, these can only be hypothesized. However, by looking at the way humans are influenced in society, I believe there is good evidence to point the blame at several institutions. These include the forces of the media, the government, the theatre, drugs, and our own economic system. On the surface, peer pressure and greed cause gangs. Many teens in gangs will pressure peers into becoming part of a gang by making it all so und glamorous. Money is also a crucial factor. A kid (6 - 10 years of age, who is not already a member) is commonly shown how he/she could make between two hundred to four hundred dollars a month for a small part time gang job. Although, one wouldn't think that factors such as this are strong enough to make kids do things that are strongly against their morals. One of the ways that kids' morals are bent so that gang violence becomes more acceptable is the influence of television and movies. The average child spends more time at a television set than he/she spends all day in a classroom actually learning something productive. Since nobody can completely turn off a child's mind, the youth must be learning something, even if it is morally wrong. Very few hours of television watched by the common child are educational, so other ideas are being constantly absorbed during this period of time. Many shows on television today are extremely violent and are often shown...

Homonyms quiz - Emphasis

Homonyms quiz Homonyms quiz Homonyms are words that are pronounced or spelt in the same way but have different meanings – there and their, for example. This ten-question quiz will test you on some of the most commonly confused homonyms. How well do you know your allusions from your illusions and your pails from your pales? After youve answered the questions and been given your score, an explanation of each pair of homonyms will appear. Good luck! He gives the ____ of knowing exactly what needs doing, but I wonder if he really does. allusionillusionCould you ____ with me for ten minutes? I’m just running a little late. bearbareIs everyone here? Do we have a full ____? complementcomplimentI’d appreciate it if you could be ____ about this; we’re keeping it quiet until the details are finalised. discreetdiscreteOur guest speaker this week is the ____ Dr Greggs. eminentimminentThe project is now in ____ fourth week, so I thought it would be a good idea to have a catch up. it'sitsWe felt his comments were beyond the ____ and hope he plans to issue an apology. palepailOur ____ concern is that the project may not be completed before the June deadline. principleprincipalWe’ll give you free ____ regarding design and pictures. reignreinCan we arrange to have some branded ____ made? stationarystationery How did you do? Let us know by popping a comment in the box below.

Global Marketing Research Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Marketing Research Assignment - Essay Example According to the current business performance of H&M, the organisation has built its strong brand image by delivering designed fashionable garments and sports apparels following the competitive pricing strategy across different developed and developing national markets. Founded in the year 1947, H&M is a Swedish manufacturer and marketer of fast-fashionable apparels for the customers, irrespective of their age groups and income levels (H&M Group, 2014). Currently, the organisation operates across 55 global markets with more than 116,000 numbers of dedicated employees. Moreover, H&M has also been recognised to achieve major recognition from its online apparel retail stores that are currently playing a crucial role for the organisation in 12 different nations across the globe (1H&M Group, 2014). The selection of markets has been one of the crucial and major strategic decisions for the organisations to build long-term sustainability. In relation to the competitive environment in the emerging clothing and apparel business industry, an appropriate selection of target markets help organisations to get accustomed with their strong brand position (Rugraff & Hansen, 2011). In this report, the target business environments selected for H&M are India and Brazil respectively. In correspondence, the following discussion will critically analyse the key rationale factors behind the selection of these emerging markets for H&M. The economic performance of the selected target markets has been prioritised.

What security policies and systems are in place to prevent Essay

What security policies and systems are in place to prevent unauthorized access to the EMR and other sources of sensitive patient information - Essay Example Electronic medical records incline to be a part of the system of healthcare information which facilitates storage, repossession and alteration of the records. EMR enables to augment sharing as well as accessibility of health related records among certified individuals (Skolnik, 2010). Policies in Place to Prevent Unauthorized Access to the EMR The security policies related to EMR have been considered as a major concern under the Health Information and Accessibility Act (AnestaWeb, Inc, 2011). The security policies should be provided major consideration in any organization in order to create an effective functioning environment. Various security policies in relation to EMR have been initiated under certain important measures which are needed to be considered for its development. They are as follows: 1. What the operators want to obtain from the system (i.e. functional requirements). 2. The objects that are required to be protected 3. The objectives which are needed to be acquired with the resources in hand. In the first part, the function of the security policy is to maintain equilibrium between the functional as well as the security aspects of the systems. The requirements for security can be quite difficult due to the costs incurred for the systems and also with the problems faced by the operators while implementing the security systems (Barrows & Clayton, 1996). In the second part, â€Å"Inside attacks† is another important aspect of security policy in relation to EMR (Barrows & Clayton, 1996). These attacks are mainly faced by individuals who are the actual users of the system. The actual users can manipulate or abuse the rights for searching different data for their personal motive or to harm the financial viability of the organization. If the information is leaked it can bring disastrous consequences and can affect the functioning environment of the organization. Policies such as management of access control as well as encryption method can enable t o prevent such occurrences. Another important aspect for the security policy of EMR depicts threats generated from managed care corporations and insurance companies among others (Barrows & Clayton, 1996). These organizations can attempt to reveal protected patient information for their own benefits. The threats which are discussed describe about the secrecy of the patients information and also about the data available to be kept secure. If such information is leaked, it would be disastrous for the organizations’ welfare. In the third part, the security policies or standards for the data, which are needed to be safeguarded for the organization, are depicted in the threat model, which is provided by the Mayo Clinic/Foundation. These policies are as follows: a. Physical security in relation to data center sites: It deals with issues relating to prevention of theft, disaster recovery, backup of the required data and security of susceptible terminal locations among others (Barrows & Clayton, 1996). b. ‘Access control to system resources’: Issues related to controlling the physical devices as well as logical mechanism including computer programs (Barrows & Clayton, 1996). c. Data protection policies: Certain issues related to ensuring consistent protection of crucial data of organizational system is ascertained under this policy. Moreover, measures to be taken against the users who misuse the rights to use the systems properly (Barrows & Clayton, 1996). d. Security of hard copy materials: This security policy ensures to take relevant measures against security breaches of certain delicate documents, which can occur from paper copies of susceptible patient related data and electronic documents (Barrows &

Football the Good Essay Example for Free

Football the Good Essay My favorite sport is foot ball. Foot ball is considered a contact sport. It allows you to meet other boys my age. But most of all it helps me to build physically and mentally. There is nothing like getting in to the uniform and out on the field. I like to look at the crowd and hope they are going to cheer for my team. Before we get on the field, we have to do a few exercises which keeps us limber and in shape. We do push up and run, there are other exercises we have to do in our practice sessions. Which is at least 4 times week? I believe in football you get more exercises than any other sport. I like the fact that we can play under the lights at night. This seems to be the best time to draw a crowd to cheer you on and parents arent so apt to be working so they can come and enjoy the game. Nothing makes me prouder than to have my dad tell me what a good job i did. My dad loves football as much as I do and it seems to bring us together more. We watch a lot of football on television. Yes, you can get hurt in football, which is why some kids dont want to play. But, some hospital records show that you get hurt just as much or even more playing soccer. You can get hurt playing baseball and some of the other sports also. To be honest, I would not suggest playing a sport of any kind if you are afraid of getting hurt. Not only do you get the satisfaction of playing the sport, you can also get the attention of the cheerleaders. Who wouldnt want that? I have played football since I was A young boy and I hope to play in college. Who knows I may get scouted for the major leagues. Yes football is my favorite sport whether I am playing or watching it on television.

Charlies Regret of Past Behaviors in Fitzgeralds Babylon Revisited :: Babylon Revisited Essays

Charlie's Regret of Past Behaviors in Fitzgerald's Babylon Revisited Charlie Wale's character seemed to get the raw end of the deal throughout the entire story. He was trying to redeem himself as a good father and a good citizen. He had many regrets of his past actions and behavior, especially those regarding his deceased wife, Helen. The events that occured during his visit to Paris, however, were detrimental to his intentions. His desire to have his daughter, Honoria, return with him to Prague, was sincere, and as a reader, I could almost feel his pain and disappointment at the disastorous end results. Marion's decision to not allow Honoria to return was merely based on Charlie's "past". Once his old acquaintances, Duncan Schaffer and Lorranine Quarrles, surfaced at the home of Linclon and Marion Peters, there was almost no chance of redemption. Marion could only see the "old" Charlie, and not the man who longed to care and provide for his daughter. Marion also seemed to hold a grudge against Charlie for the death of her sister, Helen. Charlie had begun many preparations to bring Honoria home with him. The hiring of a governess and the lease on a new apartment are just two examples of his attempt at trying to convince Marion and Licoln of his seriousness of resuming the responsibilty of being a parent. To be a father to Honoria, would also entail being a mother to her in some ways, due to the fact that Helen's death had been a part of the past Charlie was trying so hard to recover from.. Charlie's personal strentgh is shown by only having one drink a day, compared to the noted many drinks, and possibly other paraphernalia he may have encountered in his colorful past. At this point in his life, he

Legal, Ethical, and Risk Management †You Decide Essay

I would like to begin by giving you a summarized scenario of assignment this week. My role in this scenario is an Event Leader for a tradeshow and exhibition. At the day of the event, I was standing by the loading dock with sweat dripping down my eye brow. As dozens of trucks and other vehicles line up for what seems like miles in the distance. As the sun continued to beat down on the loading dock, the union representatives begin to exchange words with me about who has had the jurisdiction of work. Finally, I glanced at my watch and realized that the loads-in for the event was running two hours behind schedule, thus incurring thousands of dollars in overtime charges. And this was only the beginning of trials for the trade show. Once the doors to the exhibition opened, hundreds of buyers streamed in and promptly clogged the aisles on one side of the exhibit floor. For nearly four hours, buyers virtually ignored exhibitors on the other side of the exhibit floor. A few minutes after the exhibition began. Several exhibitors complained to me that the other exhibitors were playing loud music and stepping into the aisles to bring more people into their booths. The legal counsel for the exhibition center John Reed He reminded the exhibit manager that it is illegal for an exhibitor to play music without permission from the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers or Broadcast Music, Inc. Fred Meyers, the union representative of the exhibit hall, was having some heated words about the jurisdiction of work with me. Then I notice that I was running two hours behind getting the exhibit materials into the exhibit hall. Sam Smith, the Exhibition Manager, is getting concerned about the problems developing with loud music in some exhibitor’s booths, the labor jurisdiction of work for the union, the issue of overcrowding, and the activities conducted in the booths. He requested that I give him a report so these issues would be solved before the next trade show which will begin following week. And these are the following objectives that I have to comply with his request as a report for me to submit. What should be included in the exhibitor’s policies, procedures, and practices and regulations? * Eligibility – Each exhibiting company must submit an application and contract for exhibit space or application for other options such as table tops displays, demo and safety plan. If accepted this will become a binding agreement and highlights that our company has the right to deny access to any individual or organization it deems to inconsistent with the goals of the event and its members, rights to reject application that is incomplete and incompliance to requirements, completing the application and reserving booth space proves that exhibitors agree to all rules and regulation of the event and any decisions of the event organizers will be acceptable , and further , that said exhibitor will bound by such decision’s. Eligibility is conditions that an applicant or exhibitors must fulfill. * Indemnity – is a legal philosophy upon which the concept of most insurance policies rests. It’s a protection from loss and damage claims filed by another person. For example, an event goer may have injured themselves from a slip and fall and the exhibitors must have an indemnity insurance to compensate visitors. And for the exhibitors indemnify and hold harmless all organizers of the event , its officers, directors and employees, including volunteers , and members from all liability to any person or persons for or by reason of any condition, defect operation of any apparatus, equipment, or fixtures furnished by the exhibitor in connection with his /her agents, servants or employees. This is to cover the exhibitors to help the visitors and event staffs to get restored to original state and helps the holder from suffering financial loss due to law suit. Exhibitors Insurance – May seems like a minor issue, but the organizers, venues and promoters take it very seriously. A simple trip and fall caused by exhibitors actions and if this policy is not in place can cost the organizers, venues and promoters a lot of money. All exhibitors must have Insurance are part of eligibility to exhibit for the event. * Security – We will not guarantee exhibitors against, nor shall it be responsible for, exhibitor’s materials loss or damage of any kind. All security that was provided by the event organizer is intended primarily for crowd control and credential verification. Exhibitors must provide their own security personnel. * Booth Selections – this should be first come first serve, a rank number are assigned after dues are fully paid. Booth structure and decor guidelines – All aisles, passageways, overhead spaces, public meeting rooms, and other meeting facilities are controlled by event organizers. And exhibitors must adhere to the following. 1) No obstructive booth design is permitted, end cap Booths are not permitted and exhibitors may not sublet, assign or share any part of the space allocated. 2) Banners spanning the public aisle way are prohibited. 3) Displays, furniture’s, etc.  In public aisle ways is prohibited. If the exhibit hall is not carpeted, it is the exhibitor’s responsibility to carpet their booth. 4) Multi story exhibits must receive proper approval from the convention center and / or appropriate local government agency. 5) The maximum height of any island or peninsula booth structure or hanging signs is 20†. 6) No live animals are permitted on the show floor, apart from authorized service animals. 7) No helium balloons are permitted or any high flammable materials on the show floor without approval from the event organizers and proof of contingency plan for safety and precaution. ) No automobiles or any type of vehicles are permitted on the show floor. 9) No offensive or inappropriate signs or decorations permitted. 10) Exhibitors must solicit only at the vicinity of their booth. Any space not partially occupied at least 30 minutes prior opening. Will be forfeited by the exhibitor and can be used by the event organizers in any manner, without refund, unless arrangements for delayed occupancy have been previously approved by the event organizer. All booths must be ready for the show by the walk through inspections. The exhibitor agrees to maintain decorum in and around his exhibit space that will not offend or disturb other exhibitors. Exhibitors must police their own booths to be sure the noise levels from demonstrations or sound system is kept to a minimum and does not interfere with others. Demonstration areas must be organized within the exhibitor’s space so as to not interfere with any traffic in the aisle, and sampling or demonstration tables must be placed a minimum of 2 feet from the aisle line so as to prevent accidental injury to spectators. Should the spectators interfere with the normal traffic flow in aisle ways, or overflow into neighboring exhibits, the presentation will be limited or eliminated. Booths must be staffed at all times the exhibit hall is open. How do you design the exhibit floor to avoid crowding, gridlock, and other crowd control issues? In the initial planning stages for major crowd events a number of considerations that we should addressed in advance. * Does the site have adequate access and staging area for large numbers of emergency vehicles in a major incident? Is access to, and road network within, adequate, or would emergency responders have to walk significant distances to the principal spectator areas? * Once on site, is there sufficient room for staging or maneuvering, to permit repositioning or redeployment of emergency vehicles as directed by the incident? * Due to the nature of road access would early arriving vehicles be prevented from leaving by gridlock produced by subsequently arrivin g equipment? * Is the location served by an access road or street which could be closed to the public and used only? If so, what and where will be the de tour plan? * Do we have enough parking for all spectators? Is event staff in place to guide spectators where to park , and stop others when parking lot is full and give directions where else can park their vehicles. Are there nearby areas for overflow parking? Are shuttle busses desirable, feasible, or necessary? * Does the location allow for adequate crowd regulation, e. g. existing regiment seating areas, flow barriers, ect.? * Are spectator overflow areas available to prevent crush, should spectator turnout significantly exceeds expectations? Is the surrounding road network able to handle the anticipated spectator vehicular traffic? * If the parking lot is full, will the road network allow continued vehicle flow thus preventing gridlock? Using a swot analysis will also help prevent crowding, gridlock and other crowd control issues. What do you do if an exhibitor violates regulations? * A violation to the regulations of an event will result in c ancellation of exhibit space during the event without refund. The event organizer reserves the right to impose limitation on noise levels and any other methods of operation which becomes objectionable. An immediate removal of all persons and goods. The exhibitor shall pay all expenses and damages that may incur through the enforcement of this rule. How do you communicate effectively with union workers? * Approach managing all employees the same way, whether they’re represented by a union or not because effective management applies to both: being honest, communicating, well and often, listening to and resolving issues as they arise, recognizing and rewarding good performance, and creating an environment of trust and respect and that’s you would treat everyone as employee’s, vendors, and unions. Union workers mean well in their actions and they are there to help. The best practice is to work with them as though they are an extra eyes and ears for you – like a partner helping to manage as we all would. Utilized effectively, they can be helpful ally to you. When opportunity arises, resolve dispute quickly and fairly. Formal grievance procedures are standard in most union contracts, but they’re there only if you are unable to resolve the problem or disagreement. Speak to the people in your organization who can help you, like supervisor or human resources, then work openly with your shop steward’s and your employees. Know what you want because you will have to put it in writing. They value contracts and this replaces hand books and they are â€Å"hard and fast† rules that govern your relationship with these employees. Review your nonunion policy and make sure they are similar ensure fairness. Key is to be fair. What are some creative solutions to ensure that buyers visit underutilized areas of the exhibit area? Ahead of time before the event starts, use the power of the media to attract attention to your company’s display at the show. This section provides the strategies, tool and tips you need to create successful press releases and press kits. Try to conduct some press conferences as well to orient spectators of what are the exiting things to expect and once the event starts , spectators will come to your booth even it is located far, far away or back behind everyone else, spectators will come and see you for the specific things that they need. I strongly believe that an effective public relations effort begins before the show, continues at the show and pays big dividends for your company if you keep it up after the show. Sales are not only a job it’s a relationship committed to do better for your company and all it takes in your part is your sincere friendship. You can start by sending e-mail blast to every prospect that you have and arrange appointments; just make sure you set your appointments not to close to each other and may clash cause problems. Have visual effects of your product on the show, customer’s loves pictures, better yet a presentation that explains your product. Don’t settle with just free key chains and pamphlet’s because you can give them out all day long but what is important is they know what you are selling and understand the value of what’s in it for them. And to keep them lingering around you booth, I would suggest to be creative on obstacles of marketing, like preventing distraction to your prospect. Prospects on events usually come with family with kids; having toys or an amusement area for them and this will relieve the adults to focus on what you are selling. Do roulette games and door prizes that usually work in my personal experiences. Refreshments and cookies never fails, they probably come to your booth first before anything else. And lastly , after the event is over ; make sure all your leads receive a follow up with requested information, asking them how was the event, and any suggestions, and what did you like most and the least using personal phone calls, direct mail, faxes or e-mails to respond back to you . and this will help also to retain contacts and invite them back for another successful event like how you did in the past and specially improved. Happy Selling!

Swot of Nescafe

Background Nestle is a Swiss multinational company which was founded in 1866 and finally formed in 1905 by merging two companies, and it is the largest food company in the world which products include breakfast cereals, pet care, ice cream, bottled water, dairy products, baby foods, chocolate and confectionery, sports nutrition, weight management, food service, culinary, chilled and frozen food, healthcare nutrition, drinks as well as coffee, and it launches a presence in almost every country in the world.And it aims at providing good foods, beverages to customers in order to enhance their lives. As we found that Nestle has nearly 8000 brands in worldwide, we decided to focus on Nescafe which is launched in 1938, a brand of instant coffee. The first instant coffee has been developed for seven years, and it has a huge successful after launching during World War II period. And it can be found in 43 countries in worldwide. And it has different types of products in Nescafe, for instance: single serve coffee, house blend, instant coffee in jars and aluminum packs, etc.It has also launched a coffee machine lately which is greatly helpful in expanding their market share in coffee market. Strengths As Nestle is a well known brand in the world, which means it has a certain and broad geographic coverage in world, so this is good for Nescafe to make any further development and it is believed that Nescafe is the major player in coffee market and it has a strong brand names because of associating with Nestle which has mass market share in the world.Besides, Nescafe has various products in different flavor and packing which can be fit into different market segment, for example, it has house blend coffee for customers who can make coffee at home whenever they want, also instant coffee in jars and aluminum packs which offer customers an experience in drinking coffee in everywhere at anytime. Moreover, Nescafe has a great position as UK’s No. 1 soluble coffee brand also dominant instant coffee market in some countries. So it has a certain amount of loyal customers and good word of mouth is guaranteed.Nevertheless, Nescafe is set at a reasonable price that consumers can afford it easily and it can attract more new customers. Weaknesses Although Nescafe has quite a lot of strength, it still has its weaknesses which are coffee market is nearly saturated and people starts concerning health problems; it is because Nescafe has already been introduced coffee in different forms which are no more new forms can be found, which means Nescafe can only expand their market share by extending the product line.Moreover, it has been recently claimed that caffeine is a central nervous system and metabolic stimulant and it has physically and psychological effect on people if consuming too much; and this can be found in coffee, thus, it may cause a decrease in consumption in coffee as people start caring health problems. Opportunity Even if Nescafe has a big success i n coffee market, there are always many opportunities waiting for it.As I have mentioned before that people start concerning their health problem, it will be a weakness also an opportunity for Nescafe. And it is believed that it will be new and long lasting trend for Nescafe to introduce some new kind of coffee, for example, it has already been launched sugar free coffee, it may also develop organic coffee bean or else coffee which has lower caffeine. Furthermore, Nescafe can open up a Nescafe store which is operating like Starbucks or Pacific coffee company.Actually it is a potential opportunity for Nescafe to maximize its profit and increase its market share, because it can sell Nescafe’s products in the store, also adding some food or new flavor of coffee for consumers. On the other hands, Nescafe should keep tracking on the latest trend which is helpful for it to innovate new flavors which can win acceptance, for examples, developing a new flavor like green tea latte in wh atever form. It will definitely gain consumers’ attention and keep strengthening customers’ loyalty.Last but not least, Nescafe can try to tie-up with some restaurants to provide its products, in order to spread its product all over the world and customers can buy and enjoy it everywhere. Threat Somehow, Nescafe is facing some threats like Starbucks which is an experienced and well known coffee shop that may drag its market share away. Besides, some coffee lovers may in love with the freshness of Starbucks which is selling just in time coffee.Plus, there will always be some instant coffee brands with relatively lower price; it is affecting Nescafe that some instant coffee lovers would like to choose the brands according to price instead of quality. And now the world is facing inflation, so does Nescafe is confronting the same problem. It is because inflation leads the cost of Nescafe rise, and Nescafe have to balance between cost and quality which it cannot lower the q uality standard to decrease the cost. Vice versa, it has a rising cost caused by keeping good quality standard.

Progressive Reform Era essays

Progressive Reform Era essays The Progressive Reform era marked a huge change in American society. By the turn of the 20th century, society was becoming increasingly urbanized, with families moving to the city to find work in industries that had not existed even a few years before. Cities had always existed, of course, but they grew tremendously as immigrants came to America from many other countries to find new opportunities, and because so many people were moving from agricultural areas to the city. This helped lead to a more prosperous society, and a new middle class of people that attempted to change many aspects of society. This middle class was better off, better educated, and determined to create social change in the country, from supporting women's votes to even supporting unions and the Socialist Party in some cases. The impact of the city and factories on women and children was not nearly as positive as it was on many other members of society. Women and children often toiled for long hours and little pay in the factories, and industrialists took advantage of them in every way they could. This is why labor unions were initially formed, because many business owners were extremely cruel and manipulative of their workers, and did not pay them enough to live on, so they created an entire level of poverty-stricken wage earners as well as a thriving middle class. Technology was what allowed the cities to develop as they did. Innovations such as the railroad and the automobile helped make transporting goods easier and cheaper. There were also many manufacturing innovations, such as the assembly line invented by Ford that made manufacturing more efficient and cost-effective. This lead to development of new technologies and innovations that continue to improve Americans' lives. The new middle class created more social reformers who were concerned with the plight of the poor and immigrants, and they worked to create better working conditions and unders...

Reaction Attachment Disorder - SmartCustomWriting.com Samples

Reaction Attachment Disorder - SmartCustomWriting.com Reaction Attachment DisorderAbstract The definition of reactive attachment disorder has been provided in this paper followed by a brief introduction to the symptoms of the disorder. The positive and negative outcomes and their impact on relationships has been put forward. The causes of the reactive attachment disorder amongst infants and adults have been tackled. Finally, the various treatment strategies as addressed by empirical research have concluded the paper. Introduction This is a severe uncommon disorder that affects children. The disorder is characterized by poor or inappropriate social interactions or excessive interactions depicted by children even with strangers. In most cases the child appears to be disturbed in terms of making the normal social interactions from all contexts. During early childhood, it is expected that the child develops attachments to the caregiver with the normal socialization models. The care giver in this case could even be the mother or any other person charged with the responsibility of taking care of the child. However with the disorder such an attachment is not achieved because of a number of factors ranging from child abuse, neglect, genetic, environment or even separation from the child in the early stages of development. (Cappelletty, Brown,Shumate,2005). Children with Reaction Attachment Disorder (RAD) have social interaction models that appear to be grossly disturbed and can be the main cause of future behavior problems later on in life. The symptoms of the disorder vary from behavior problems to socialization problems as depicted by researchers. (Fairchild, 2006). Symptoms Behavior problems Children with RAD are clearly noticed with aggressive and oppositional behaviors at their young age.Most research findings have demonstrated that  Ã‚   RAD children are not affectionate to their parents and they lack eye contact on parents. Such children can be indiscriminately attracted to strangers unlike in the normal cases. They also tend to be very destructive on their self and other kids. For instance they are always in trouble and prone to accidents than other children. In most cases, they would want to be given more attention than anybody else.   They are also prone to vices such as stealing and lying. Such can tell lies even for the obvious things. Evidence from empirical studies also indicate that RAD children often like asking non sense and annoying questions to their friends and their care takers. In terms of knowledge and learning, researchers have indicated that the children normally lag behind in language and other cognitive skills. In cases where the children have been left with pets and other animals, they have tended to display a cruel behavior towards the animals. From empirical studies, children with RAD display a variety of symptoms that are unusual and clearly reflect their disturbed attachments. (Shaw Paez,2007). Negative outcomes of the disorder Undesirable behaviors are part and parcel of children who have Reaction Attachment Disorder. In some cases the children have depicted erratic mood swings. The unpredictable behavior can be in the form of clinging to hanging and swearing. In studies where the children with the disorder have been assessed, the results have shown that the children stated concerns about being mad and crazy. In some cases, psychiatric analysis has pointed pointed out that the child here’s a voice instructing to do a particular undesirable activity. Research has also shown evidence of children not showing affection to their parents as a result of the disorder. Bad behaviors such as stealing unnecessarily and lying can be quite a common thing amongst the children with the disorder. (Schechter Willheim,2009). Delayed social and cognitive development. Children with Reaction Attachment Disorder can experience delayed development in their cognitive abilities. In most cases the children find difficulties and are completely unable to accomplish cognitive tasks assigned to them in school or by the caregivers. Delayed cognitive development can be indicated in such cases with mild mental retardation. In terms of social development affected children can depict immature socialization and inappropriate behaviors. The behavior of the children can also be indiscriminate social interaction with lack of abilities to regulate emotions such as anger. The children can also show lack of attention and concentration while in the company of caregivers and other children. Language deficiency is also associated with the children with the disorder. Affected children can experience difficulties in receptive and expressive skills. The child may be unable to undertake comprehension and articulation exercises. (Schwartz, DavisAndrew,2006). Positive outcomes The interruptive and controlling behavior of children with Reaction Attachment Disorder can be made useful in terms of leadership. This is in light of the fact that they have tendencies of believing that they are more powerful than the rest. The children therefore do not find it comfortable to be led or influenced by others. In their ability to have control over what others are doing, RAD children can end up being chosen as young leaders. This is also achieved positively because they are able to make others focus on what they do. By this they easily manage to influence and lead others. In future such an   ability can grow and develop into future leaders in business and in the corporate world. Growing up and developing independently is a positive outcomes of RAD. In most cases children develop attachment to their parents at a very tender age. Most of them are unable to live independently without the affection from the parents.   With or without parents, RAD children would still continue living and achieve education and other important goals. The reduced attachment and dependency on parents should therefore be viewed as a strength because the children cannot break down in case something happened to the care givers. In future such children could also develop into powerful people in the society who are self driven and highly motivated. A good historical example was provided by Adolf Hitler who suffered the disorder in his early childhood. The ability of the RAD children to depend on themselves is a very important positive outcome. This is because they can easily confront the challenges that come in their way without involving other children or care givers.   This can make such children develop talents and other skills that can benefit them in their future lives. For instance independent thought and decision making can be greatly developed in such children more than their counterparts who are so much dependent on caregivers and colleagues. Causes of Reaction Attachment Disorder (RAD). Child abuse Abuse has become a common threat amongst young children and it has been blamed by most researchers to be a cause of this severe disorder. Abuse can be physical, emotional and even sexual. Psychologists argue that when the child is subjected to abuse in any form, the risk of developing an attachment disorder is very high. In most cases, child who have been subjected to abuse by their caregivers, siblings or parents often are impulsive towards the people who caused the problem. Later own this can be transferred to other people hence a reaction attachment disorder. (Fairchild, 2006). Neglect In normal situations, it is expected that a parent should take care of the child to ensure that all the needs are met as the child undergoes growth and development. Child neglect is a common problem among teenage mothers and other cases. Research has indicated that children who have been neglected lack the love and affection of parents or primary care givers. The children struggle on their own and they fail to develop the necessary attachment to their parents. In such cases , the children are forced to socialize on their own and this can greatly interfere with their different aspects of development. In some cases, the symptoms of the disorder have been noticed in children who have been separated from the primary care givers. If the mother was the source of primary care for the child when the mother is separated from the child due to factors such as death or any other separation, the child might fail to initiate attachments with other people. This has been mentioned by sociologists and they argue that it is a common case during early adolescence. Foster parents who have adopted children who have pasts full of abuse and neglect have experienced behaviors in the children that are associated with the disorder. The most common behavior in the aggressive behavior that has been witnessed by most of the foster parents. (Guttmann-Steinmetz Crowell, 2006). Genetic constitution of the infant. The genetic constitution of the child can also predispose the child to RAD. This is still under the aspects of poor maternal care and its impact on the child’s development. Infants are normally born with different genetic profiles some which can result in the attachment and behavior disorders. There is a strong growing body of evidence from animal and clinical studies that suggests that the infant’s genetic constitution is very important in the reaction towards pathogenic environments. In the genetic makeup of the child , there are genes that are in charge or releasing the neuronal hormones that shape the child’s attachments to the mother or primary care giver. From this point of view, it is more likely that some children become susceptible to disturbed attachment depending on the nature of their genes. In light of this issue, several genes have been cited to have an effect on attachment and detachment of the child. For instance vasopressin and serotoninergic hav e been implicated in studies of attachment disorders. (Hardy, 2007) Maternal Ambivalence This involves the various reactions and processes the expectant mothers go through which might affect the developing child. It is vital to mention that in some communities, cultures can exert a lot of pressure on the mother. The way the mother responds to the cultural pressures determines the risk to attachment disorders. In some cases the mother is supposed to deal with stressful situations such as uncooperative husbands or separation issues and they all affect the relationship with the child. In cases where mothers have responded with mixed reactions on the child chances of forming stronger ties with the child even after birth become slim hence making the child to develop RAD symptoms. (Hardy, 2007) Inheritance A number of   studies have pointed out the role played by poor motherhood in the occurrence of RAD in infants. It is vital to mention that emotional and cognitive aspects of the mother can predispose the child to the attachment disorder. There are studies which have been done on primate mothers have indicated that mothers have the potential of influencing the future behavior of their children in relation to the disorder. Specifically they have concluded that nonhuman mothers who were abused at infant stage are more likely to abuse their children hence leading to the development of the disorder in their off springs. This was observed in both the children raised by their biological mothers as well as those raised by their non biological mothers. Maternal anxiety and other emotions in relation to bad behavior of the child has also been indicated by research to affect the child. Children who have behavior problems and are difficult to manage can trigger anxiety amongst mothers and if i t is not handled carefully, it can result in the disturbed attachment in the infants of 4 years. The goodness of fit in the mothers environment has also been associated with triggering factors of the disorder. Sociologists argue that the mother has to be well equipped with the right attitudes and skills that can control the external environment of the child. This is applicable to infants who are unresponsive and quiet and also those who are irritable and repulsive. With such a control, the mother is able to reduce the risk of the environment in triggering symptoms of the disorder. (Hardy, 2007) Treatment/Therapy Therapy and management of reaction attachment disorder requires a lot of patience from the people involved. Immediate success upon commencement of the therapy should not be anticipated. Infants and adolescents are often oppositional and aggressive and can test the limits of external controls and rules. The therapists must therefore be prepared for little appreciation from the patients while at the same time expects the negative feedback in terms of behavior of the patients. (Hoffman,   Marvin, Cooper Powell, 2006). Empirical studies have identified various treatments for reactive attachment disorder. One of the most common strategy has been psychotherapy and has taken different dimensions while utilizing theories such as that of attachment. Becker-Weidman has articulated the Dyadic development psychotherapy. The researcher argues that symptoms of the disorder have declined to a great extent in cases where the method has been applied effectively. The therapy is based on the attachment theory and it is founded on the premise that the current situation of the child is the most essential in reducing the symptoms while at the same time the experiences of the child should be looked into. Building a relationship with the child is a key aspect of this treatment. The proponent argues that it is through the knowledge of the child’s background and experiences that workable relationships can be built with the care giver. In an environment where there is safety of the child, the therapist models heal thy attachment modes. The RAD child is given a chance to re-experience the traumatic situations and in the event new feelings are triggered and expressed. (Becker-Weidman, 2006). Cycle of security therapy This is a strategy that uses the secure and non secure attachment designs. The process is led by a therapist who addresses the children and the care givers. One of the goals of the therapy is to develop a secure working environment between the children and the caregiver. The goal then shifts to the attention and sensitivity and responsibility that looks into the attachment needs of the child. The ability to recognize the verbal and non-verbal cues is enhanced by the methods. (Hoffman, Marvin, Cooper Powell, 2006). Another therapy that has been put forward through empirical research is known a eye desensitization and reprocessing. Such a therapy in founded on the assumption that traumatic episodes are trapped rather than processed by the brain. Each and every aspect of the negative experiences continue to be reactivated every now and then and they have an impact on the victim of the disorder. Children who suffered abuse and neglect continue to visualize these bad experiences and it interferes with their abilities to form relationships with their caregivers. This therapy has the potential of diminishing the unfortunate experiences of abuse and neglect and replaces them with positive feelings such as those of happiness and hope. The RAD infants are therefore able to continue with a normal life that is full of excitement and positive attitude towards others hence attachments. (Newman, 2007). Medications for other conditions that might be affecting the child with RAD has also shown positive results according to empirical research. Studies have continued to point that conditions such as anxiety and depression might be very influential towards the behavior of adolescents. In cases where these conditions have been kept at bay, reactive attachment disorder symptoms have reduced tremendously. Counseling Individual psychological counseling can be of great help to children suffering from the attachment disorder. In this case, the therapist who can be the parent or care giver should seek psychological counseling on how to bring back attachment relations with the affected child.   The caretaker can also attend the counseling sessions with the affected child for the psychologists to have a first- hand experience with the patient. Empirical studies have shown that RAD children who are given medicine by the psychologists would show diminishing behavior problems with application of therapy. In these studies the patients were enrolled in a three year program. During the three years counseling was applied and it resulted in positive results with changed behavior in the children. Specifically the patients developed attachments with their adopted mothers and they showed a diminishing trend in the oppositional and aggressive behavior. (Haggard Hazan, 2006). Play therapy This form of therapy makes use of a number of important aspects in forming attachments between the caregiver and the child. The balance of structure, nurturance and play are key in this case in the formation of attachments. As recorded by Weir (2007), modifying theraplay is a crucial step towards helping the child with attachment problems. The approach is applicable to children of upto 12 years. The sessions are designed to last for one hour per week and should last between 10 to 20 weeks. The facets that are key towards better attachments include structure, challenge, stimulation and nurturing as mentioned by Pzybylo (2002). Structure in theraplay refers to the groundwork in which times rules are set and reviewed for the sake of establishing the structure. The challenge pertains to the scenario where the participation of parents and children is required whether they like it or not. Participation of these two important stakeholders ensures that the required tasks are completed as set to realize the objectives. Engagement has to be undertaken in the therapy so as to attract the children and ensure they are in the process of changing their behavior. Nurturing has been considered to be a very important aspect of play therapy by the research. It is through nurturing that the desirable bonds are established between the care giver and the child. A sense of security is very essential for the child. Empirical research had provided evidence that affirms that the more secure the environment formed by the caregiver, the stronger the attachments that are established between the child and the care giver. (Newman, 2007). Conclusion. Reactive attachment disorder manifests itself in different behavior problems and has an impact on the relationships between infants and their care givers. It is vital to understand the symptoms of the disorder before choosing the appropriate therapy. Empirical research has shown the success that has been achieved by various treatment methods   that have been discussed in the paper. References Becker?Weidman, P. A. (2006). Treatment for children with trauma attachment disorders:   Dyadic Developmental Psychotherapies. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal , 23 (2), 147?171. Cappelletty, G. G., Brown, M. M., Shumate, S. E. (2005). Correlates of the Randolph   Attachment Disorder Questionnaire (RADQ) in a sample of children in foster placement. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal , 22 (1), 71?84. Fairchild, S. R. (2006). Understanding attachment: Reliability and validity of selected attachment measures for preschoolers and children. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal , 235?261. Guttmann-Steinmetz S, Crowell JA (2006). "Attachment and externalizing disorders: a developmental psychopathology perspective". J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 45 (4): 440–51. Hardy, L. T. (2007). Attachment theory and reactive attachment disorder: Theoretical perspectives and treatment implications. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 27?39. Hoffman, K. T., Marvin, R. S., Cooper, G., Powell, B. (2006). Changing toddlers' and preschoolers' attachment classifications: The Circle of Security intervention. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 1017?1026. Haugaard, J, J.; Hazan, Cindy.(2006).Recognizing and Treating Uncommon Behavioral and Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents Who Have Been Severely Maltreated: Reactive Attachment Disorder. Child Maltreatment, Vol 9(2), May 2007. pp. 154-160. Mukaddes, N Motavalli; Kaynak, F. Nimet; Kinali, Gulsevim.(2005). Psychoeducational Treatment of Children with Autism and Reactive Attachment Disorder. Autism The International Journal of Research and Practice, v8 n1 p101-109 Mar 2005. Newman L, Mares S (2007). "Recent advances in the theories of and interventions with attachment disorders". Curr Opin Psychiatry 20 (4): 343–8 Schwartz, Eric; Davis, Andrew S.. (2006). Reactive attachment disorder: Implications for school readiness and school functioning.Psychology in the Schools, Apr2006, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p471-479, 9p; DOI: 10.1002/pits.20161. Shaw, S. R., Paez, D. (2007). Reactive attachment disorder: Recognition, action, and considerations for school social workers. Children and Schools , 69?74. Schechter DS, Willheim E (2009). Disturbances of attachment and parental psychopathology in early childhood. Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health Issue. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinics of North America, 18(3), 665-687. Weir, P. K. (2007). Using integrative play therapy with adoptive families to treat reactive attachmentdisorder: A case study. Journal of Family Psychotherapy , 18 (4), 1?16.

How Bureaucracy stands in the way Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How Bureaucracy stands in the way - Essay Example Teachers have limited access to technology, instructional resources, materials which aid them in teaching the students. Teaching curriculums in schools remain not fit for the students because teachers don’t have access to engaging curriculums which reaches the international academic requirements (The Broad Foundation, 2013). Inadequate students’ mentors and master teachers also contribute to failure of education. Teachers are not free to reach their heads as well as the students due to bureaucracy. Less attention to students’ needs and complaints is also very common in many schools. The school committee focuses mostly on time spending meetings, struggle for leadership and setting of policies benefiting themselves. In all these undertakings what is affecting the teachers and students is never discussed therefore the low academic achievements. The labor laws and agreements prevent the board members from directly communicating to teachers and students and therefore their problems are never addressed on. In the school systems, the issue of accountability brings a lot of problems as there is conflict of who is responsible of this or that (The Broad Foundation,

Cause of china's one child policy (argumentative research paper) Paper

Cause of china's one child policy (argumentative ) - Research Paper Example Thus given the situation, experts now believe that the system should be eased with the introduction of the two child policy as it will help in rebalancing the population and also relieve the people of the stress associated with childbearing. The one child policy in China, which was launched in 1979, was framed keeping in mind the social and economic consequences of rapid population growth. While family planning services were available in China since 1953, the increase in death rate resulted in a 2.8% rise in population growth rate by the 1970s. This expansion of the population was considered by some as a major strength for the country. This was echoed by several leaders such as Mao Zedong who believed that China would become stronger if there were more people. This perception prevented the inception of several voluntary family planning programs in the country (Potts; Kane and Choi). However the rapid increase in the population put a strain on the government which resulted in the incl usion of contraception and abortion services both to the urban and rural population in the fourth five year plan of 1970. While these policies helped to curb the growing birth rate the government set a growth rate target of 1% for 1980. This target was however, difficult to achieve and by the year 1982 the census revealed that the country had around 1 billion people. This resulted in the inclusion of stricter policies by which the government aimed to control the population rate to about 1.2 billion by the year 2000. This lead to the introduction of the one child policy in the year 1979 as many economic experts such as Deng Xiao-ping believed that the economy and living standards of the country would not improve with a growing population rate (Kane and Choi). The one child policy was implemented by the Family Planning Commission of China according to which parents in the urban areas should limit their number of children to one while those in the rural regions were allowed to have two children in case the first was a girl (Carroll). With the introduction of the one child policy the government initially aimed to achieve a growth rate target of l.2 billion by 2000 through elimination of the birth of the third and subsequent children within a family and also it hoped that 30% of the couples would be willing to forgo their second child. Many considered that sacrificing the second and third child would be vital for the welfare of future generations. Parents were urged to opt for a one child family by providing them incentives such as preferential access to schools, housing and health services (Kane and Choi). At the same time those with larger families were burdened with financial levies on the additional children by increasing their taxes and cutting down access to free healthcare and were also under constant social pressure that also affected their careers (Kane and Choi; Carroll). In larger cities such as Shanghai many couples had already opted for the one child f amily as the pressure for both partners to work full-time and the demands of growing household restricted urban couples to have a single child. The adoption of the policy in the rural setting was difficult as aging farmers and peasants had to depend on their children during their old age. As daughters were given away in

I phone5 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

I phone5 - Research Paper Example Featuring of an architectural website, Dezeen, in the launch video of i phone5 focuses on the variance and depth of new promotional partnerships between different category products such as Apple Inc. and Dezeen, an architecture, interiors and design company website. Apple Inc. has given huge promotional leverage to Dezeen in the videos, thus, marking a new chapter of relational linking by entering into collaboration with the architecture magazine. It highlights how LTE technology offers â€Å"really fast downloads over your cellular network†. Marketing of Apple has always been a hush-hush matter. Apple contacted Dezene a year back for a customised version of its website with no advertisements and social media links without disclosing its strategy to the management of Dezeen (Golson, September 2012). The tie-up between Apple i phone5 and Dezeen magazine on architecture, interiors and design by showing the home page of the company website on the promotional videos, on the occasi on of the launch of its latest i phone5 version has huge management and functional implications for the architectural company. It offers a trade-off to the viewer of purchasing a superior quality product although it won’t be a decision taken at once, as the ad viewer would analyse the future cost and quality trajectory of the magazine in the category it belongs to. If the consumer wants to replace the product, as in this case, the decision will be taken by comparing it with the currently owned and subscribed magazine and other available magazines on architecture and design in the market. If after visiting the Dezeen company website through the Apple i phone5 link given on the email of the user, it reveals that the difference in quality is tangibly and intangibly significant relative to the cost of the architectural magazine, the possibility of replacing the current magazine with Dezeen increases. It means increase in the sale of Dezeen product. Thus, purchase decision depends , as per general modelling related to replacement. In the case of i phone5 and Dezeen, both the products are not complimentary as they are un-related. Therefore, the purchase decision in one category, i.e., the Dezeen, would not be impressed by the purchase decision in another category, i.e., the Apple company’s newly launched i phone5 (Sriram et al., 2010). Nevertheless, if the products in both the categories have been purchased, the incentive to replace them with the latest versions, as in the case of Apple i phone5, the consumer decision is going to be taken on the quality parameter only; the higher the quality, the more inspired the decision for replacement. Consumer leverage would be more if both the products are replaced relatively to a single category product replacement (Sriram et al., 2010). Anyways, the great thing for an architecture website is that a technology giant like Apple has contacted it for sharing business leverage mutually through an email link to the we bsite address for the visitor to surf the pages of the magazine compelling the viewer to take a better decision after analysing the trade-off. As per the general model for replacement, if two

Effectiveness of Fracking Regulations

Effectiveness of Fracking Regulations Overview of Report This report has been prepared by The MSSD for the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Governments. This report will be looking at the effectiveness of the regulatory framework of the fracking industry, it will assess the current framework, evaluating whether the framework is fit for purpose, and if not, propose alternatives considering that a lighter touch to regulation is the approach wanting to be taken. Because we are only at the exploratory phase of drilling in the UK, the main focus will be on pre-drilling regulations. What is Fracking? We will briefly look at what Fracking is and how it works, and looking at this will also allow us to be able to assess the most pressing environmental concerns and the controversies surrounding fracking. Fracking is the process of drilling down into the earth before a high-pressure water mixture is directed at the rock to release the gas inside.  Water, sand and chemicals are injected into the rock at high pressure which allows the gas to flow out to the head of the well.  The process can be carried out vertically or, more commonly, by drilling horizontally to the rock layer and can create new pathways to release gas or can be used to extend existing channels. The term fracking refers to how the rock is fractured apart by the high-pressure mixture.[1] In the UK, drilling is only at an exploratory phase, however, there are plans for this to intensify as shale gas reserves have been identified across the UK. Impacts and Concerns Having looked at what Fracking is, we will identify it’s impacts on the environment and its most pressing concerns. The extraction of shale gas is a topic that is highly controversial in the United Kingdom, this is mainly because of the environmental concerns it raises. One of the major concerns is the water usage in the extraction, the volume of water that is needed. Vast amounts of water are required for the process and this must be transported to the fracking sites[2]. The water tends to be transported to the sites, which has its own environmental impacts, though some sites could use the local water resources and the volume of water that is required could place a strain on local water resources. In addition to the amounts of water, the water is mixed with chemicals, this mixture could escape and could spill or contaminate groundwater in the surrounding areas. Another concern is that fracking could lead to small earthquakes. This was the case in the town of Blackpool, where two tremors struck, one registered a magnitude 2.3 and the other 1.3. Both tremors occurred near the local drilling site. This caused the operation to suspended, the site operators, Cuadrilla, commissioned a report, which found that â€Å"Most likely, the repeated seismicity was induced by direct injection of fluid into the fault zone†[3] The report goes on to question whether further earthquakes are to be expected from fracking, it says â€Å"the earthquakes occurred because of a rare combination of circumstances: the fault was already under stress, was brittle enough to fracture and had space for large amounts of water that could lubricate it†. The report says â€Å"this is unlikely to happen again at the Preese Hall site.†[4] To reduce the risk of earthquakes, it has been proposed that seismic activity monitoring is introduced around fracking sites. Advantages and Disadvantages of Fracking The main advantages of fracking include, an increase in the production of natural gas, some could argue that this would ease the burden on finite resources such as fossil fuels, fracking would thus diversify our energy supplies. A further advantage is that this is a relatively clean energy source, providing environmental benefit. The gas produced emits less carbon per calorie of energy produced than other fossil fuels. It is easy to inject and it can be transported directly, shale gas requires very little infrastructure investment before it can be injected into the national gas grid, thus proving to be an economical benefit. Fracking is also the most natural way to pump gas from the ground. An abundant supply of natural gas makes prices relatively cheap to producers and consumers. The disadvantages of fracking include, Risk of groundwater pollution, Risk of localised earthquakes (probably not a huge risk when well-regulated in the UK), Localised noise and traffic congestion, Loss of amenities, when fracking wells are sited in areas of natural beauty and national parks, A high water demand for the â€Å"process water† needed by the fracking technology used, potentially entailing additional stress on water supplies, Planning blight on local properties, and suffering by those unfortunate enough to live near a proposed site for a fracking well. [5] Environmental Policy Context Fracking also poses wider questions about current thinking on sustainability and the environment. [6] John Allen writes, â€Å"the shale revolution has the potential to provide the UK with local, low cost, clean sources of energy and potential for local energy independence† [7] from a sustainable development viewpoint, this makes for positive reading. If fracking is low cost and a cleaner source of energy, it enables sustainable development. However, looking at the intricacies of fracking, this may not seem the case. For the process to take place, a vast number of resources are needed, and here you look at whether fracking, as an industry, is sustainable. The shale gas industry consumes materials such as water, sand, chemical treatments, drilling fluids, all of which require transport by road and rail. Perhaps one of the biggest challenges is the use of water, the volume required is vast, and to sustain that, there must be an infrastructure in place and policies in place to ensure that whilst providing the water to sites, there is no inconvenience to the water flow in the local area and if being transported via tank to the site, this must be done in a way where the environment is put first. If we are looking at this from the standpoint â€Å"what is best for the environment†, surely the question would be, why does the policy not encourage the use of no oil and gas in the UK, because this would be the best policy for the environment. The answer to this would be several factors, mainly economical and convenience, the ecosystems we live with and in are so adept to using those resources, that to prohibiting use would mean that our systems would fail to exist. A middle ground has been established, whereby the environment is somewhat protected and that human needs are met, and this needs to be the case with fracking, whilst there are signs that there are benefits, economically the policy must promote sustainable development. â€Å"History shows us that whenever we can extract fossil fuels, short term gain, usually trumps long- term consequence. Much has been made, on both sides of the argument, of the US experience, but fracking has not found universal welcome. France, for instance, is in the process of banning it, and Poland is currently deciding whether to develop the industry, or concentrate on other forms of energy.† [8] John Allen If there is regulation and procedures in place to negate the downsides, surely a cleaner alternative is beneficial long term.      Regulation of Fracking Now we will be looking at the regulatory framework that is in place for the industry. This section will be split into three parts: 1) An overview of the regulatory framework, 2) Assess and analyse the strengths and weaknesses of the frameworks, 3) Consider whether any improvements can be made to the framework, looking at different types of regulation.    Overview of Regulation The Environment Agency (EA) in England and Wales, and Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) are the environmental regulators who monitor the environmental aspects of shale gas fracking. The key regulation that governs how shale gas fracking operators comply with environmental laws is the Environmental Permitting Regulations 2010.[9] Figure 2: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/about-shale-gas-and-hydraulic-fracturing-fracking/developing-shale-oil-and-gas-in-the-uk#regulation The framework that surrounds fracking is one that is quite complex. Companies wanting to explore must have permission from a number of regulatory bodies before they can proceed. In order to explore and produce shale gas, operators must pass rigorous health and safety, environmental and planning permission processes.[10] The first stage is obtaining a Petroleum Exploration and Development License, (PEDL), these are issued by the Oil and Gas Authority. The Oil and Gas Authority work closely with other regulatory partners to ensure that the exploration and development is safe and sustainable. [11] A PEDL obligates companies to follow its terms. Key PEDL terms include: conferral of the right to get petroleum, payment of fees in return, parameters of the field licensed to the operator, obligation to obtain written consent prior to drilling, operator’s obligation to work the licensed area in accordance with ‘good oilfield practice’ and termination and surrender provisions. PEDLS are licenses which grant exclusivity to operators in the license area, they do not give immediate consent for drilling an exploration well or any other operation. Briefing paper After a PEDL has been granted, the operator of the proposed site must then obtain local planning permission from the Minerals Planning Authority, as shale gas operations involve the extraction of minerals. The MPA involves local authorities including representatives from districts and county councils.[12]   Planning applications require the submission of a standard application form, supported by plans and drawings, certificates of ownership relating to the application site and design and access statements. An operator must also negotiate access with landowners. A PEDL and planning permission alone do not give operators consent to conduct their operations, access must be secured by the operator, this tends to be through a license or a lease to be taken that are conditional on the grant of satisfactory planning consent. When a decision is made on a planning application, only planning matters called â€Å"material considerations† can be taken into account. There is no exhaustive list of what constitutes a material planning consideration, although there are some â€Å"principal issues† for consideration, shown in Figure 3 [13] MPA’s are screened to determine whether any proposals require an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), the Environment Protection Agency an EIA describe this as â€Å"the process by which the anticipated effects on the environment of a proposed development or project are measured.  If the likely effects are unacceptable, design measures or other relevant mitigation measures can be taken to reduce or avoid those effects.†[14] This, however, is a contentious issue, as it’s not clear whether operators are obliged to conduct and EIA and submit an environmental statement under the EU’s EIA Directive[15] to accompany their application. Under the EU law, all projects require an environmental statement, though those under Annex 2 require a case-by-case examination, and considering certain criteria, it is determined that such a project is likely to have significant effects on the environment. Even if an EIA is not required, environmental and health impacts can be addresses through the conditions of planning permission. Mineral Planning Authorities are responsible for ensuring operators comply with these conditions. The MPA, in determining an application, will consider the advice of a variety of statutory consultees with regards to the protection of the environment and the public. Local planning conditions can address the aesthetic impacts, as well as contributions to local noise, traffic and air pollution. The density of local population may be considered in the local planning permission process. There will also be conditions for when operations finish, the operator would be responsible for safe abandonment of the well and for restoring the well-site to its previous state or a suitable condition for re-use. The authority which granted permission would require suitable restoration as a condition of the planning permission. [16] The next part of the regulatory process is that operators will probably require a number of environmental permits issued by the Environment Agency under the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations to conduct onshore activities.   The environment agency takes a risk-based approach to regulating, thus the regulation of each site is bespoke to that site, as the they take into account local site characteristics and site specific environmental risks.   The Environment Agency  ensures that any shale gas operations are conducted in a way that protects people and the environment. The Environment Agency’s environmental permitting regulations cover: protecting water resources, including groundwater (aquifers) as well as assessing and approving the use of chemicals which form part of the hydraulic fracturing fluid, appropriate treatment and disposal of mining waste produced during the borehole drilling and hydraulic fracturing process, suitable treatment and management of any naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and disposal of waste gases through flaring.[17]   With regards to water, if operators are wishing to abstract more than 20 cubic meters per day for operational purposes, they will need to obtain a water abstraction license under section 24/24A of the Water Resources Act 1991[18] The licenses are issues by the Environment Agency. A factor to bear in mind here is the Environment Agency make it clear that water availability at site is not â€Å"guaranteed†, this links back to the planning permission stage, as if the operators are unable to have a pipeline, they will have to transport the water to the site, which is expensive, but also, with regards to the environment, transporting tanks of water would be something they would have to consider. Another element to be considered is the element of â€Å"induced seismicity†. The MPAs should consult the British Geological Survey (BGS) to advise on induced seismicity and help to identify suitable locations for well, drawing on a national and site-specific understanding of geology. [19] Under s.23 of the Mining Industry Act 1926[20] â€Å"firm sinking boreholes greater than 100ft (30m) deep must give written notification to the Natural Environmental Research Council. Operators are under several other continuing obligations, such as keeping records of their operations and retain specimen cores. Once the above has been completed, the operator must notify the Health and Safety Executive at least of 21 days in advance of any drilling operations, The Borehile and Operations Regulations 1995[21] require this. A coordinated regulatory effort is required to ensure that shale gas wells are designed, constructed and operated to standards that protect both people and the environment, it must be noted that it only protects those in proximity of sites. HSE monitors shale gas operations from a well integrity and site safety perspective. We oversee that safe working practices are adopted by onshore operators as required under the Health and Safety at Work Etc. Act 1974, and regulations made under the Act. These specifically are: The Borehole Site and Operations Regulations 1995 (BSOR) applies to shale gas operations.   (These regulations are primarily concerned with the health and safety management of the site). The Offshore Installations and Wells (Design and Construction, etc.) Regulations 1996 (DCR)[22] apply to all wells drilled with a view to the extraction of petroleum regardless of whether they are onshore or offshore. (These regulations are primarily concerned with well integrity). HSE works closely with the Environment Agency (EA) and the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) to share relevant information on such activities and to ensure that there are no material gaps between the safety, environmental protection and planning authorisation considerations, and that all material concerns are addressed. [23] Drilling operations must not be commenced unless a health and safety policy is prepared which demonstrates that adequate measure will be taken to safeguard the health and safety of the persons on the site. Once the HSE step is completed, we arrive at one of the final steps in the regulatory process. This is the Oil and Gas Authorities consent to drill. Operators are obliged to seek the OGAs written consent prior to the start of drilling operations. OGA consent is one of the final, and coordinating consents in the shale gas process. In considering whether to issue consent to drill, the OGA will have regard to the suite of regulatory controls discussed above, including ensuring that planning permission is in place, environmental permits and consents have been obtained, and that the HSE has received notice of intention to drill. Planning permission is one of the approvals required before any activity may start on a site. The planning authority decides whether the activity is acceptable at that particular location, after local communities and other interested people have had the opportunity to set out their view on the benefits and impacts of the proposal. On receipt of OGA’s consent to drill, and subject to the finalisation of a hydraulic fracturing plan and agreed method for monitoring induced seismicity (where fracking is going to be conducted), an operator has in place the requisite consents and may continue its operations. This concludes the pre-drilling regulatory framework, there is a duty in place whilst drilling takes place, and as mentioned, conditions are set out for after the drilling process has been completed. Strengths and Weaknesses One of the main strengths with the framework presented above, in my opinion, is that the process to start drilling is so rigorous. There are many steps an operator must take in order to start drilling, this has a lot of cost and time investment necessary, so these rigorous checks and procedures ensure that the operator is competent and ensuring the environmental protection necessary to offset any negative impacts of fracking in the main. Another strength with the framework is the fact that a condition of granting permission to drill, there must be plans in place on how the site will be restored to ensure that it becomes usable land again, showing that the regulation is offering a protection measure. However, it could be argued that there are more weaknesses with the regulation. One of the major ones that comes across with the regulation framework provided above, is one concerning Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA). An operator may have to carry out an EIA, if the MPA deem necessary when screening the proposal presented, however, there is no obligation to do so, it only has to happen should the MPA feel it is a necessity in this case.   There isn’t a â€Å"one size all fits† approach here, it’s bespoke. Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) has become best practice in non-shale gas industries[24], however like the EIA, an ERA is not mandatory, an ERA, unlike an EIA would assess not only the impacts of hazards, but also their likelihood. In their report, the Royal Society recommended[25], that to manage environmental risks, an Environmental Risk Assessment should be mandatory for all shale gas operations, involving the participation of local communities at the earliest possible opportunity. I would agree with this statement, an EIA and ERA should be a mandatory step, for all potential operators and cases of fracking, not just some, it should be a universal requirement when applying to drill for shale gas. In her Article, Emily Gosden writes that the Fracking Regulations may inadequate, with regards to climate change[26]. From the regulation mentioned above, it does not tackle issues such as climate change in much depth, whilst it looks at environmental factors, it seems that this isn’t the most pressing matter on the agenda. The article reports that Britain’s fracking regulations may be inadequate to prevent environmentally damaging methane leaks, and that the current regulatory regime fell short of the minimum necessary standards. [27] Prof Jim Skea, one of the report’s authors, said that the law instead gave â€Å"quite a lot of discretion† to the Environment Agency (EA) over what monitoring it would require of future shale gas production. Here, I would agree, the EA can often be quite vague when it comes to these matters, an example mentioned above would be the water abstraction licenses requirement, the EA are very vague when it comes to a definitive answer. This could be something that could be further considered. Another weakness in my opinion is that the current framework at present, isn’t very environment focused, and even if it is, a lot of the environmental factors aren’t factors that are mandatory for operators or regulators to take into account, as already mentioned, the EIA not being mandatory is one part. The regulation does not look at in enough detail issues such as climate change, air pollution, water pollution, and other means of contamination, these factors should be of more importance when coming to regulate the shale gas industry, yes, they may be considered, but even that at best is brief. Alternate Proposals The current framework that has been looked at in this report can be seen to be rigorous in the main, there are a number of steps an operator must take before being able to start the process. The current framework could be seen as being on the â€Å"heavier side† of regulation, and in the brief, a theory was posited that there be a lighter touch on regulation, in this section, we will look at whether this can be the case, and if so, how can it be the case.    With regards to regulation, there are two approaches that can be taken. There is Direct Regulation, which can often be referred to as â€Å"the command and control† regime, this is where standards are set, as are penalties for failing to meet them, there are often several ways of drafting direct regulation. [28] The other approach is Indirect Regulation. Whereas direct regulations focus on the polluting activity itself, indirect regulation tends to centre on economic instruments, the effect of which will be to impose higher burdens on higher polluters, there is also self-regulating, whereby you can apply methods such as voluntary environmental agreements and codes of conducts to regulate. These systems tend to have vague standards and are flexible and non-interventionist in their nature. We will look at whether we stay with a command and control approach adopted, or would a self-regulating approach be more effective in this situation. Before we start that, we will briefly look at whether the current framework we have looked at is effective in its purpose, however looking at the effectiveness of the framework is an area where one struggles as in the UK, we are not at the stages where there is mass production of shale gas, we are merely at the early exploratory stages of the process. The only real working example is the Cuadrilla site as mentioned at the start of this report. Though some regulation, such as the induced seismicity was introduced because of that site. Self-regulating such an industry seems impractical considering the disadvantages mentioned earlier in the report. Simon Sneddon writes that this method of regulation is more flexible than the traditional command and control methods, and this method is non-interventionist in nature and that these methods are criticised for having vague standards and for being unaccountable, and there is no realistic enforcement system. This, as a regulation method would not work with an industry such as fracking. An industry where there are many impacts both environmental and economic and as such a framework of command and control would be better suited, there is a set of rules, or steps put in place and there are penalties and fines for operators should they fail to abide. This is very similar to the current framework in place. The risks that fracking entails, it would be a uncertain approach to have a light touch to regulation. However, when there is more data to analyse once further fracking takes place, it may be the case that we could adopt a self-regulating framework or one that is lighter than the one in place, but until then, the current â€Å"command and control† framework is one that is effective and sufficient for use. Conclusion The regulation in place at present is several steps that an operator must take before they are able to drill for shale gas. The procedure is one that is described as rigorous and upon evaluation this seems to be the case, though as mentioned when looking at alternatives, there is no way of knowing how effective the regulation is in the UK, until there are more working examples of fracking. [i] [1] Bbccouk,  What is fracking and why is it controversial?   (BBC News,  16 December 2015)  Ã‚  accessed 10 May 2017 [2] Bgs,  Potential environmental considerations associated with shale gas  (Bgsacuk,  0)  accessed 10 May 2017 [3] Michael Marshall,  How fracking caused earthquakes in the UK  (New Scientist,  2 November 2011)  Ã‚  accessed 10 May 2017 [4] Ibid 3 [5] Steve Last,  The pros and cons of fracking in the UK and why you need to know about them  (Lowimpactorg,  14 October 2016)  Ã‚  accessed 10 May 2017 [6] DrGareth Evans,  Fracking: Truly Sustainable?  (Sustainablebuildcouk,  16 Dec 2016)  Ã‚  accessed 10 May 2017 [7] Allen John,  Fracking: believe the hype for a sustainable UK energy market  (The Guardian,  22 January 2014 )  Ã‚  accessed 10 May 2017 [8] Ibid 6 [9] Hsegovuk,  The regulation of onshore unconventional oil and gas exploration (shale gas)  (Hsegovuk,  0)  accessed 10 May 2017 [10] Govuk,  Guidance on Fracking: Developing shale gas in the UK  (Wwwgovuk,  13 January 2017)  Ã‚  accessed 10 May 2017 [11] Govuk,  Guidance on Fracking: Developing shale gas in the UK  (Wwwgovuk,  13 January 2017)  Ã‚  accessed 10 May 2017 [12] Society, T. (2012).  Shale gas extraction in the UK: A review of hydraulic fracturing. [13] Briefing Paper Number 6073 on Shale Gas and Fracking – House of Commons Library [14] Wwwepaie,  Environmental Impact Assessment   (Wwwepaie,  0)  Ã‚  accessed 10 May 2017 [15] Directive 2011/92/EU [16] Department of Energy and Climate Change – Fracking UK Shale: Regulation and Monitoring – February 2014 [17] Govuk,  Guidance on Fracking: Developing shale gas in the UK  (Wwwgovuk,  13 January 2017)  Ã‚  accessed 10 May 2017 [18] Water Resources Act 1991 [19] Ibid 7 [20] Mining Industry Act 1926 [21] Borehile and Operations Regulations 1995 [22] The Offshore Installations and Wells (Design and Constructions, etc.) Regulations 1996 [23] Hsegovuk,  The regulation of onshore unconventional oil and gas exploration (shale gas)  (Hsegovuk,  0)  accessed 10 May 2017 [24] Contribution from Professor Simon Pollard, Head of Department, Environmental Science and Technology, Cranfield University [25] Society, T. (2012).  Shale gas extraction in the UK: A review of hydraulic fracturing. [26] E Gosden, ‘Fracking regulations inadequate’ The Telegraph (7 July 2016) accessed 10 May 2017 [27] ibid 20 [28] Simon Sneddon,  Environmental Law  (2ND edn,  Pearson  2015)  54-61 [i] Bibliography Websites http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-14432401 http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/energy/shaleGas/environmentalImpacts.html https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21120-how-fracking-caused-earthquakes-in-the-uk/ http://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/unconventional-gas.htm https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/about-shale-gas-and-hydraulic-fracturing-fracking/developing-shale-oil-and-gas-in-the-uk#regulation https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/about-shale-gas-and-hydraulic-fracturing-fracking/developing-shale-oil-and-gas-in-the-uk#regulation http://www.epa.ie/monitoringassessment/assessment/eia/ http://www.hse.gov.uk/offshore/unconventional-gas.htm Steve Last,  The pros and cons of fracking in the UK and why you need to know about them  (Lowimpactorg,  14 October 2016)  Ã‚  accessed 10 May 2017 DrGareth Evans,  Fracking: Truly Sustainable?  (Sustainablebuildcouk,  16 Dec 2016)  Ã‚  accessed 10 May 2017 Allen John,  Fracking: believe the hype for a sustainable UK energy market  (The Guardian,  22 January 2014 )  Ã‚  accessed 10 May 2017 Directives Directive 2011/92/EU Reports Society, T. (2012).  Shale gas extraction in the UK: A review of hydraulic fracturing. Contribution from Professor Simon Pollard, Head of Department, Environmental Science and Technology, Cranfield University E Gosden, ‘Fracking regulations inadequate’ The Telegraph (7 July 2016) accessed 10 May 2017 Department of Energy and Climate Change – Fracking UK Shale: Regulation and Monitoring – February 2014 Briefing Paper Number 6073 on Shale Gas and Fracking – House of Commons Library Acts Water Resources Act 1991 Mining Industry Act 1926 Borehile and Operations Regulations 1995 The Offshore Installations and Wells (Design and Constructions, etc.) Regulations 1996 Books Simon Sneddon,  Environmental Law  (2ND edn,  Pearson  2015)  54-61 Misc. PowerPoints and Notes from Lectures.